The Importance of Exercise for Individuals with Intellectual Disabilities
Engaging in regular physical activity leads to significant health benefits for all individuals, regardless of age and ability. As little as 30 minutes of physical activity a day reduces the risk of diseases such as diabetes, heart disease, colon and breast cancers, and depression. Despite these benefits, the majority of U.S. adults do not participate in the recommended amount of physical activity. Health professionals have identified various reasons, or barriers, that contribute to the lack of engagement in physical activity. The main barriers for most adults include: lack of time, energy, and resources; fear of injury; and social influences. Overcoming these barriers is vital for reaping the health benefits of physical activity.
These benefits are placed in two categories: psychological (relating to the mind) and physiological (relating to the body). The psychological benefits of physical activity are increases in self-confidence, social acceptance, and mood. Physiological benefits include increased muscular and cardiovascular endurance as well as decreased risk of developing chronic diseases. This leads to an increased ability to complete daily activities such as cooking, cleaning, and grooming and improved chances of living longer. Additionally, engaging in physical activity regularly can decrease the risk of obesity and increase quality of life. In order to optimize these benefits, individuals should participate in various forms of physical activity.
The first form of physical activity is aerobic training; a few examples include walking, biking, and swimming. Aerobic activities are ones that raise an individual’s heart rate, which helps pump blood to the muscles and cells throughout the body. Participating in aerobic training can lead to a reduction in fatigue. In addition to aerobic activities, individuals can engage in muscle strengthening activities such as body-weight exercises and lifting weights. These exercises increase muscle mass and bone density leading to decreases in the risk of falling and chance of developing osteoporosis. As individuals age, they experience an increased risk of developing certain chronic conditions such as heart disease, diabetes, and cancers. Adults with intellectual disabilities are not immune from these diseases. Engaging in regular physical activity can decrease the chances of developing these conditions in addition to increasing lifespan and overall quality of life.
